Toothache is one of the most common reasons people search for a dentist—especially when pain disrupts eating, sleeping, or daily life. The tricky part is that “toothache” can mean very different things: a simple sensitivity issue, a cavity, a cracked tooth, or an infection that needs urgent attention.
This guide explains the most common types of tooth pain and when it’s time to book an assessment.
Why Tooth Pain Happens (In Simple Terms)
A tooth is made up of a hard outer layer (enamel), a softer layer underneath (dentine), and a nerve-rich centre (pulp). Pain usually occurs when:
* enamel is worn or damaged
* decay gets close to the nerve
* the tooth has a crack or bite trauma
* infection causes pressure inside the tooth
Cold or Sweet Sensitivity (Short, Sharp Pain)
What it often feels like: a quick “zing” when you drink something cold or eat something sweet, then it fades fast.
Possible causes include:
* enamel wear or gum recession
* sensitivity from brushing too hard
* early decay
* a leaky or worn filling
What to do: If it’s mild and occasional, start with a sensitivity toothpaste and avoid aggressive brushing. If it’s frequent or worsening, book a check-up—small issues are easier to fix early.
Hot Sensitivity or Lingering Pain (More Concerning)
What it often feels like: pain that lingers after hot drinks, or ache that continues after the stimulus is gone.
This can indicate deeper irritation or inflammation closer to the nerve. It’s a good idea to book an assessment promptly, especially if the pain is persistent.
Night Pain or Throbbing Pain (Red Flag)
What it often feels like: pain that wakes you up, throbbing or radiating discomfort, pain that feels “deep” and hard to locate.
Night pain can be associated with inflammation or infection. This is one of the clearest signs you should not delay. Early assessment can prevent the issue from worsening.
Pain When Biting (Crack or Infection Clue)
What it often feels like: sharp pain when chewing, or a “bite spot” that hurts even with gentle pressure.
Possible causes include:
* a cracked tooth
* a high filling
* inflamed ligament around the tooth
* infection at the root
Pain when biting is a strong reason to book a dental visit, especially if it’s new or getting worse.
Swelling, Fever, Bad Taste — Seek Urgent Help
Call a dentist urgently if you have:
* facial swelling
* fever or feeling unwell
* pus, bad taste, or draining gum boil
* difficulty swallowing or breathing
These can indicate spreading infection and should be treated quickly.
Safe Things You Can Do While Waiting
* Take appropriate over-the-counter pain relief (as directed)
* Avoid chewing on the painful side
* Use a soft toothbrush and keep the area clean
* Rinse gently with warm salty water (not boiling hot)
* Avoid “home remedies” like vinegar or placing aspirin on gums (can cause burns)
